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The possibilities of diagnosis of dyslexia in children
Matějovská, Lucie ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
The research study focuses on the development of new appropriate tools suitable for dyslexia assessment of primary school children (grades sixth to ninth), and a process of their pilot standardization. The inspiration was found in the existing tests for different age groups and methods used abroad. Four newly created tests were included into the test battery (test of visual perception, phonological manipulation, auditory segmentation and rapid automatized naming) as well as two already existing tests, which are a part of the validation study (test of auditory discrimination from Novak's Diagnosis of specific learning disabilities battery and Symbol search subtest from Wechsler intelligence scale for children). The research group consisted of 155 students of primary school (grades sixth to ninth), 61 dyslectics and 94 intact students. The results between the intact group and the dyslexic group differed significantly in all tests. The test of phonological manipulation showed the strongest differentiation. The study includes a correlation analysis between the tests and norms created for both groups. The presented predictive model was able to correctly identify 77.4 % of "cases" in relation to the criterion dyslexic - intact group.
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Predictive value of the SUPRS scale for risky behavior in pupils in the 9th grade of elementary school
Sluková, Šárka ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Gabrhelík, Roman (referee)
In this bachelor thesis, I hypothesize whether a scale of personality traits that re- present risk in terms of substance use, called SURPS, can predict some potential for risk taking behavior in adolescents. Objective: The main goal was to determine whether the SURPS scale can pre- dict the potential for risk taking behaviour in adolescents. and thus have an early detection for work with at-risk individuals. Methods: In this study, I worked with data collected from a four-year pro- spective randomized, three-arm, controlled, prospective prevention study that took place in secondary schools and multi-year grammar schools from 2013 to 2017. Data was taken from the data that related to risk taking behavior and re- sponses from the SURPS scale, and this data was then processed in MS Excel to examine the correlation between the risk taking behaviors and personality traits using graphs and the χ2 test. Results: The graphs and χ2 calculation show that in most cases there is a sta- tistically significant relationship between personality traits of negative thinking and experimental substance abuse towards risk taking behaviour. The other per- sonality traits are only sporadically correlated with risky behavior. Conclusion: In all cases studied, the results do not show a relationship between SURPS scores and...
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Physical activities of children in primary schools in a selected region in the Czech Republic
Ptáčník, Milan ; Dlouhý, Martin (advisor) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on physical and sports activities of children in older school age. For the research were selected pupils in the 8th and 9th grades of primary schools in the Prague-East District. The main goal of the work is based on data collected by online questionnaires to analyze and compare the level of physical activities of these pupils depending on the main factors of their lives. I consider these factors to be school physical education, physical and sports activities outside of school, leisure, family, dwelling place. The theoretical part describes all requirements associated with the physical activities of children in older school age, that are necessary for a proper understanding of the research part, such as the definition of physical activities and sports, the characteristics of older school children and key factors affecting these children. A total of 240 respondents, meaning 8th and 9th grade pupils from four selected primary schools in the Prague-East District, took part in the research. For the research I used the method of a questionnaire survey, which was organized online using Google Forms. The questionnaire contains 20 questions and is divided into 5 parts, according to the main factors already mentioned. The results for each individual question are clearly viewed...
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Knowledge pupils from grades 6 to 9 of elementary school in pre-primary first aid.
Nečasová, Markéta ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
The aim of this work is to find out the knowledge of pupils of the second grade of primary school in pre-medical first aid. The theoretical part describes the characteristics and types of pre-medical first aid. Furthermore, a description of pre-medical first aid procedures in selected situations. In the practical part, the work deals with the knowledge of the pupils of the second stage of the selected primary school in the pre-medical first aid. The questionnaire was used for the solution, which was presented to the pupils of the sixth and ninth year of the selected primary school. The questionnaire investigated theoretical knowledge, knowledge in solving specific situations and the method of acquiring knowledge in pre-medical first aid. By evaluating the questionnaires, it was found that the pupils of the selected primary school respond correctly in 70 % and solve the situation in pre-medical first aid, the percentage of correct answers increases with the year and also that the pupils have higher knowledge in solving specific situations. Also, the school has a significant share in acquiring knowledge in pre-medical first aid pupils. By comparing the way in which pre- medical first aid is included in the education of pupils in the sixth and ninth grades of the selected elementary school and the...
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Addictive behavior on the Internet in relation to family environment in students of 7th-9th grades of primary schools in Pribram
Majerová, Žaneta ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Richterová, Lenka (referee)
Background: The Internet has become a regular part of our everyday life. Its use carries not only many indisputable advantages, but also certain risks - addictive behavior being one of them. Therefore, it is not surprising that many studies deal with this issue. Although several foreign studies have examined the connection between this phenomenon and selected factors of the family environment, I have not observed any such specific study in the Czech Republic. Aims: The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis is to provide information about an addictive behavior on the Internet, the family and its role in the life of an individual, in order to introduce the studies that have already been carried out. These were concerned with selected factors of the family environment in connection with addictive behavior on the Internet. The practical part of this thesis consists of my own research aimed at finding the prevalence of addictive behavior on the Internet and examining the connection between this phenomenon and the respondents' gender, divorce of parents, parents' education and types of family. Methods: The aims of the theoretical part of this bachelor thesis were achieved with the study of selected literature. Furthermore, the questions of the practical part were answered on the basis of evaluation...
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Didactic recommendation for teaching HIV/AIDS issue at a primary school
Matějíčková, Kristýna ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
This diploma thesis puts as its goal to define didactical recommendations for teaching HIV/AIDS issue at a primary school and thus provide support for effective teaching about this topic. It presents information about the analyzed issue and by using quantitative anonymous questionnare research among pupils of eighth grade of three chosen primary schools, it determines their knowledge and attitudes towards the HIV/AIDS topic. Based on the results of applied pre-test research it puts forward the proposal of a teaching unit which is then realized in the target group. Then by means of post-test examination, it is verified how effective the designed teaching unit was and how much in contributed to increasing the knowledge of the respondents. Realisation of the teaching unit increased their knowledge by about 37.5% (from the former 54.2% of correct answers to knowledge-based questions to 91.7%) and it can therefore be considered as effective. The main topics of the teaching unit were the diagnostics of HIV positivity, the question of curability of HIV/AIDS, development of the epidemiological situation, difference between the terms HIV and AIDS and the means of transmission of the HIV virus. The benefit of this thesis is a description of a teaching unit focused on the HIV/AIDS issue, including methodical...
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The health literacy development of elementary schools
GRECMANOVÁ, Jana
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the development of health literacy of pupils attending primary schools. In the theoretical part, it focuses on defining the concept of the health literacy, its importance for society, the importance of its development and the consequences of its lack. A literate person is characterized in here, the factors influencing health literacy and the assessment tools, how it could be measured. It also deals with health promotion and health education at primary schools, which are closely related to health literacy. It focuses on the influence on educational system on health literacy of pupils and on health promotion programs at school facilities. It deals with school age, its division, and the pupil's personality in common. At the end of the theoretical part, we discuss how the health literacy can influence nurses. The empirical part of the thesis is aimed at pupils of 7th and 9th grade of elementary schools, who have been inquired about their ability to look up and evaluate healthcare information. The aim has been to determine the level of health literacy of boys and girls and try to find out differences in their level of health literacy depending on the age and size of the city they are live in. A quantitative research survey has been selected to address this issue and identify the objectives set. The data was obtained using the abridged version of the standardized European Health Literacy Questionnaire HLS-EU-Q, namely the HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire. The research was attended by 208 pupils from two primary schools in Prague and one from Karlovy Vary.
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Perception of verticality in patients with developmental coordination disorder
Žídek, Radim ; Čakrt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Demeková, Júlia (referee)
Bibliographic identification Author's first name and surname: Bc. Radim Žídek Title of the master thesis: Perception of verticality in patiens with developmental coordination disorder Department: Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2nd faculty of medicine, Charles University and FN Motol Supervisor: PhDr. Ondřej Čakrt, Ph.D. The year of presentation: 2017 Annotation: Developmental coordination disorder is typical for poor motor learning and motor coordination that cannot be related to any neurological or mental disease. The exact reason of it stays still unknown. There are theories that say that dysfunctional collaboration of afferent systems causes developmental coordination disorder. Thanks to afferent systems a human organism is able to perceive different modalities. One of the modalities is a perception of verticality. In theoretical part of this thesis we summarized information about developmental coordination disorder and postural and balance control. In experimental part we tested 35 pupils of primary school (age 13-15). Using MABC-2 we classified the pupils into children with and without predispositions for developmental coordination disorder. Then we tested their ability of perceiving subjective visual and subjective haptic verticality. According to statistical evaluation there is no...
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Cyberbullying and its correlation with gender
Klímová, Kateřina ; Wolák, Radim (advisor) ; Jirků, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of cyberbullying and it examines the differences in its perception depending on gender. In the beginning the thesis describes transformation of communication based upon time and technologies used to communicate. It is followed by the comparison of cyberbullying and bullying where similarities and differences are shown. After this theoretical part comes the practical part of the thesis which is started by the justification of the chosen research method - qualitative research, individual interviews with grammar school children in the age 10 to 15 years. The following part describes the construction of the research - creating the scenario of the interviews followed by the description of the interviews which were afterward transcribed and analyzed. The interviews were analyzed by open coding and showed that there are differences regarding cyberbullying and gender but they also showed that there are similarities in the usage of communication media. The results proved that in the selected sample of children girls are more likely to take part in cyberbullying than in bullying. The results also showed that girls are more likely to share more personal information and photos on the internet than boys although we can observe that this is starting to change because boys are...
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The possibilities of diagnosis of dyslexia in children
Matějovská, Lucie ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
The research study focuses on the development of new appropriate tools suitable for dyslexia assessment of primary school children (grades sixth to ninth), and a process of their pilot standardization. The inspiration was found in the existing tests for different age groups and methods used abroad. Four newly created tests were included into the test battery (test of visual perception, phonological manipulation, auditory segmentation and rapid automatized naming) as well as two already existing tests, which are a part of the validation study (test of auditory discrimination from Novak's Diagnosis of specific learning disabilities battery and Symbol search subtest from Wechsler intelligence scale for children). The research group consisted of 155 students of primary school (grades sixth to ninth), 61 dyslectics and 94 intact students. The results between the intact group and the dyslexic group differed significantly in all tests. The test of phonological manipulation showed the strongest differentiation. The study includes a correlation analysis between the tests and norms created for both groups. The presented predictive model was able to correctly identify 77.4 % of "cases" in relation to the criterion dyslexic - intact group.
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